#drilling equipment

A drilling rig contain 5 main systems:

Hoisting system and Draw works
Rotary system
Circulation system
Power system
#safety and blow out prevention system

Illustration of simplified derrick with equipment including top drive, draw works, drillers cabin and iron roughneck .

Hoisting system and Draw works
The main purpose of the lifting system and the draw worsk is lifting and lowering the drill string and carrying the weight of the drill string and the casing.

The derrick
The #liftingequipment and #machinery
The derrick
The main purpose of the derrick is to support the travelling blocks and the drill line.
The derrick also carries the weight of the drill string and the casing.

Two main types:

Four legged derrick
Mast type
Oil and gas drilling derricks are manufactured in various heights spanning from 25 m – 60 m (80 – 190 ft)

Derricks in the lower range, 25 m – 35 m (80 – 110 ft) are primarily used for well workover activities.

A drilling derrick have to withstand two types of load; compression load and wind load, If the derrick is located on an offshore floating #drillingrigs it also woll have to withstand dynamic loads caused by wave motion.

Draw works
The main function of the draw works is to transfer power to the drill line, the sand line and the “cat heads”. The machinery for an offshore rig would be around 2300 KW (3000hp).

Main components of the draw work:

Frame
Engine
Transmission
Hoisting drum
brakes
The draw works have two independent brake systems.

#mechanical
#electromagnetic
Hoisting system
The main purpose of the hoisting system is to lift and lower equipment into or out of the well and to lift the drill string during drilling.

For offshore drilling the cerified lifting load would be in the range of 700 – 900 tons.

Travelling block
The travelling block is connecting the hook and the drill line. The travelling block normally typically has 3 – 7 sheaves with a diameter of 5 – 11 inches.

Crown block
The crown block is the stationary end of the block and tackle, typically having 7 -10 sheaves.

Heave compensator ( #offshoredrilling)
For ogffshore drilling from a floating drilling rig it is also necessary to have heave compensation to eliminate vertical forces from wabe movement.

Guide dolly
The guide dolly, a frame with rollers fixed to the travelling block and rails fixed to the derrick eliminates horizontal movement of the travelling block.
Eng. Mohsen Fatahi